IFSOE 2026

The Role of Ionic Migration and Cluster Formation in the Thermal Stability of CsFAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

Submitted: Jun 30, 2026

Abstract

This study investigates the composition-dependent thermal ionic stability of CsxFA1-xPbI3 perovskite solar cells (x = 0.05 and 0.20) under prolonged ISOS-D-2 thermal stress at 85°C. The findings reveal that while a lower cesium concentration maximizes room-temperature efficiency to 22.23%, higher cesium content suppresses grain-boundary ion migration through the formation of CsPbI3-rich cluster ionic sinks, demonstrating that room-temperature performance and thermal durability are completely decoupled parameters.

Keywords

Perovskite solar cells Thermal stability Thermal coefficients Ionic defects Phase segregation

References

  1. S.-P. Feng, Y. Cheng, H.-L. Yip, Y. Zhong, P.W.K. Fong, G. Li, A. Ng, C. Chen, L.A. Castriotta, F. Matteocci, L. Vesce, D. Saranin, A. Di Carlo, P. Wang, J. Wei Ho, Y. Hou, F. Lin, A.G. Aberle, Z. Song, Y. Yan, X. Chen, Y. (Michael) Yang, A.A. Syed, I. Ahmad, T. Leung, Y. Wang, J. Lin, A.M.C. Ng, Y. Li, F. Ebadi, W. Tress, G. Richardson, C. Ge, H. Hu, M. Karimipour, F. Baumann, K. Tabah, C. Pereyra, S.R. Raga, H. Xie, M. Lira-Cantu, M. V Khenkin, I. Visoly-Fisher, E.A. Katz, Y. Vaynzof, R. Vidal, G. Yu, H. Lin, S. Weng, S. Wang, A.B. Djurišić, Roadmap on commercialization of metal halide perovskite photovoltaics, Journal of Physics: Materials 6 (2023) 032501. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/acc893.
  2. I.E. Castelli, J.M. García-Lastra, K.S. Thygesen, K.W. Jacobsen, Bandgap calculations and trends of organometal halide perovskites, APL Mater. 2 (2014) 081514. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4893495.
  3. L. Yue, B. Yan, M. Attridge, Z. Wang, Light absorption in perovskite solar cell: Fundamentals and plasmonic enhancement of infrared band absorption, Solar Energy (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.11.028.
  4. T. Leijtens, G.E. Eperon, A.J. Barker, G. Grancini, W. Zhang, J.M. Ball, A.R.S. Kandada, H.J. Snaith, A. Petrozza, Carrier trapping and recombination: The role of defect physics in enhancing the open circuit voltage of metal halide perovskite solar cells, Energy Environ. Sci. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee01729k.
  5. J.-E. Moser, Perovskite photovoltaics: Slow recombination unveiled, Nat. Mater. 16 (2016) 4–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4796.
  6. B. Chen, S. Wang, Y. Song, C. Li, F. Hao, A critical review on the moisture stability of halide perovskite films and solar cells, Chemical Engineering Journal 430 (2022) 132701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132701
  7. H. Kim, N. Park, Soft Lattice and Phase Stability of α‐FAPbI 3, Adv. Energy Mater. 15 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400089
  8. Y. Li, A. Bahnick, P.J. Lohr, S. Raglow, A.D. Printz, Enhanced α-phase stability of formamidinium lead iodide with addition of 5-ammonium valeric acid chloride, Energy Advances 4 (2025) 262–272. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00527A
  9. A. Kumar, S.K. Gupta, S.K. Pathak, S. Karak, Controlling Nucleation and Crystal Growth Orientation via Intermediate Ion‐Complex Formation for Efficient α‐FA 0.95 Cs 0.05 PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells, Energy Technology 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202300982.

Grant information

Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant №24-62-00022